Bond strength to ZLS ceramics at different etching times and cementation protocols after aging / Influência da cimentação e da termociclagem na resistência de união da cerâmica de silicato de lítio reforçada com zircônia

Objective: To assess the influence of 5% hydrofluoric acid etching time (ET), cementation protocol (CP), and thermal cycling (TC) aging on the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLS) to adhesive resin cement. Material and Methods: Ten VITA Suprinity® ceramic blocks were cut in 120 slices (1.4 mm thickness) and randomly assigned to 12 groups (n = 10) according to the combination of factors (2x3x2 design): etching time (20 or 30 s), cementation protocol (silane + universal adhesive + resin cement; universal adhesive + resin cement; silane + resin cement) and thermal cycling (cycled or no-cycled). RelyX Ceramic Primer and Scotchbond™ Universal Adhesive were used respectively as silane (S) and universal adhesive (Ua). Ceramic surface was etched, and the cementation protocol performed on the delimited bonding area. Then, resin cement (RelyX™ Ultimate Cement [Rc]) cylinders were bonded and light cured. After, specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 7 days and subjected to the µSBS test. Results: Data passed the normality test and three-way ANOVA analysis showed statistical difference (p < 0.01) for isolated; double (ET/TC) (p < 0.05), and triple (p < 0.05) factor interactions. Conclusion: The combination 30s etching-Ua-Rc presented higher adhesive bond strength after thermal aging. (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do tempo de condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico 5% (ET), protocolo de cimentação (CP), e envelhecimento por termociclagem (TC) na resistência de união ao microcisalhamento (µSBS) da cerâmica de silicato de lítio reforçada com zircônia (ZLS) ao cimento resinoso adesivo. Material e Método: Dez blocos da cerâmica VITA Suprinity® foram cortados e 120 fatias (com espessura de 1,4 mm) e distribuídos aleatoriamente em 12 grupos (n=10) de acordo com o fator de combinação (2x3x2): tempo de condicionamento (20 ou 30 s), protocolo de cimentação (silano + adesivo universal + cimento resinoso; adesivo universal + cimento resinoso; silano + cimento resinoso) e ciclagem térmica (ciclado ou não ciclado). RelyX Ceramic Primer e adesivo Scotchbond™ Universal foram utilizados respectivamente como silano (S) e adesivo universal (Ua). A superfície cerâmica foi condicionada e o protocolo de cimentação aplicado sobre área de cimentação delimitada. Portanto, cilindros de cimento resinoso (cimento RelyX™ Ultimate [Rc]) foram cimentados e fotopolimerizados. Após, os espécimes foram armazenados em água deionizada a 37°C por 7 dias e submetidos ao teste de µSBS. Resultados: Após teste de normalidade, os dados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA três critérios mostrando diferença estatística (p < 0.01) para a análise do fator isolado; para a interação entre dois fatores (ET/TC) (p < 0.05), e interação entre os três fatores (p < 0.05). Conclusão: A combinação 30s de condicionamento-Ua-Rc apresentou a maior resistência de união adesiva após a ciclagem térmica.(AU)

Effect of sports drinks on the surface properties of composite resins after prolonged exposure - in vitro study

Aim: Using dietary supplements may affect the properties of composite resins due to their acidic pH. The present in vitro study aimed to assess the surface roughness and color stability of two composite resins - nanohybrid (Empress Direct) and nanoparticulate (Filtek Z350) - after prolonged exposure to dietary supplements. Methods: We produced 30 specimens from each composite (8x2-mm discs) and divided them into six groups (n=10). After the initial measurement of the surface properties (roughness and color), we exposed the specimens to a degradation process in Maltodextrin and Whey Protein for 22.5 and 7.5 days, respectively, using deionized water as the control solution. At the end of 22.5 days, we reassessed the specimens. After verifying data normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, we performed ANOVA followed by Tukey's test at 5%. Results: We found significant differences for materials immersed in the Whey Protein solution (p<0.05). The roughness of Empress Direct was higher (0.45+0.07) than Filtek Z350 (0.22+0.05). The composites tested also showed color change (ΔE>3.3) after the immersion period (p<0.001). In Maltodextrin, the Empress Direct group presented (4.52+1.23) and Filtek Z350 (4.04+0.66), while after immersion in Whey Protein, they showed (5.34+1.68) and (4.26+1.02), respectively. Conclusion: Sports drinks changed the surface roughness and color stability of the composite resins studied. The Filtek Z350 group showed lower color variation than the Empress Direct composite in both solutions evaluated

Avaliação do manchamento e da rugosidade superficial de materiais restauradores diretos após diferentes sistemas de polimento: estudo in vitro / Assessment of surface staining and roughness of direct restorative materials after different polishing systems: in vitro study

Resumo Introdução Com o avanço estético e tecnológico dos compósitos restauradores diretos, a procura pela Odontologia Éstética tem aumentado. Objetivo Avaliar o manchamento e a rugosidade superficial dos compósitos Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) e Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE), polidos por diferentes sistemas: Disco SofLex e Disco SofLex diamantado espiral (ambos da 3M ESPE), após exposição repetitiva ao café. Material e método Neste estudo in vitro, um total de 80 discos de resina foi confeccionado, com 40 espécimes para cada compósito avaliado. Os espécimes foram ainda subdivididos em grupos (n=10) de acordo com o método de polimento ‒ SofLex e SofLex diamantado ‒ e a solução de armazenamento ‒ água deionizada (controle) e café (experimental). Após 24 horas de armazenamento em água deionizada, foi realizada a avaliação de cor e rugosidade inicial, bem como a execução dos protocolos de polimento testados. Posteriormente, os espécimes foram expostos ao processo de manchamento em café e água deionizada durante 42 dias. Após esse período, a cor e a rugosidade foram reavaliadas. Resultado A análise estatística paramétrica evidenciou que o manchamento superficial foi influenciado significativamente pelos fatores compósito e solução, mas não pelo fator polidor ou ainda por qualquer interação entre os fatores. Para o fator compósito, Filtek Z350 exibiu maior manchamento, e para o fator solução, foi observado maior manchamento para o café. Já na análise de rugosidade, não houve diferenças significativas. Conclusão Independentemente do sistema de polimento, a solução experimental de café alterou a cor de ambos os compósitos avaliados e verificou-se que a rugosidade não foi alterada.

Abstract Introduction The aesthetic and technological development of direct restorative composites has increased the search for an aesthetic dentistry. Objective Assess the surface staining and roughness of composites: Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) and Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE), polished by different systems: Disco SofLex and Disco SofLex diamond spiral (both from 3M ESPE), after repeated exposure to coffee. Material and method This study was carried out together with 80 resin discs were made, 40 articles for each study evaluated. The compounds were divided into groups (n = 10) according to the polishing method - Softex and Softex diamond, storage solution - deionized water (control) and coffee (experimental). After 24 hours of storage in deionized water, a color evaluation was performed initially, as well as the execution of the polishing protocols tested. Subsequently, the specimens were exposed to the staining process in coffee and deionized water for 42 days. After this period, the color and roughness were assessed again. Result The parametric statistical analysis showed that surface staining was affected significantly by the composite and solution factors, but not by the polisher factor or by any interaction among factors. For the composite factor, Filtek Z350 showed greater staining and for the solution factor, coffee showed greater staining. In contrast, the roughness analysis did not show significant differences. Conclusion Regardless of the polishing system, differences in composite composition affect the color stability of the composites; and coffee changes the color of both; the roughness was not altered.

Bond strength assessment of a universal adhesive system in etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes / Avaliação da resistência de união de um sistema adesivo universal no modo convencional e autocondicionante

Abstract Introduction Modern dentistry is reflected in the insertion of new materials with different adhesion forms in dental structures, such as the Universal adhesive system. Objective To evaluate the bond strength of the universal dentin adhesive system, in the form of self-etching and conventional application, compared with a simplified conventional adhesive system, in two distinct periods: 1 week and 6 months. Material and method 48 bovine incisors separated into 6 groups, stored for 7 days, were selected. Worn out the buccal enamel until dentin exposure. Adper Single Bond 2 (3M Espe) or SingleBond Universal (3M Espe) adhesives were applied, and catheters filled with Opallis Flow (FGM) composite were placed. After photoactivation, the catheters were removed and the specimens (n ​​= 48), stored in distilled water at 37 °C for one week and six months, were exposed. The specimens were fixed to a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 2000) with a speed of 0.5 mm / min. Bond strength (BS) was calculated in MPa, and data were statistically analyzed by Anova and Tukey test at 5% significance level. Result For Adper Single bond, the BS was equivalent in the times tested; for Universal conventional and self-conditioning time influenced the BS, with a decrease in the results. At 1 week, all stickers were different from each other, with higher BS for Universal conventional mode, followed by universal self-etching mode and then Adper Single bond. Conclusion The best results were achieved with universal adhesive in conventional mode for both tested times.

Resumo Introdução A odontologia moderna é refletida na inserção de novos materiais com diferentes formas de adesão nas estruturas dentárias, como o sistema adesivo Universal. Objetivo Avaliar a resistência adesiva do sistema adesivo universal em dentina, na forma de aplicação auto condicionante e convencional, comparando com um sistema adesivo convencional simplificado, em dois períodos distintos: 1 semana e 6 meses. Material e método Foram selecionados 48 incisivos bovinos separados em 6 grupos, armazenados por 7 dias. Desgastado o esmalte vestibular, até exposição da dentina. Aplicaram-se os adesivos Adper Single Bond 2 (3M Espe) ou SingleBond Universal (3M Espe), e sobre este, posicionados cateteres preenchidos com o compósito Opallis Flow (FGM). Após fotoativação, removeram-se os cateteres e expuseram-se os corpos de prova (n=48), armazenados em água destilada a 37 °C por uma semana e seis meses. Os corpos de prova foram fixados uma máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC DL 2000), com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. A resistência de união (RU) foi calculada em MPa, e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela Anova e pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância. Resultado Para Adper Single bond, a RU foi equivalente nos tempos testados; para Universal modo convencional e autocondicionante o tempo influenciou na RU, havendo um decréscimo nos resultados. Em 1 semana, todos os adesivos foram diferentes entre si, com maior RU para Universal modo convencional, seguido por universal modo autocondicionante e então pelo Adper Single bond. Conclusão O melhor desempenho foi do adesivo universal na forma convencional nos dois tempos testados.

Avaliação do efeito de soluções de armazenamento sobre a resistência da união adesiva à dentina de dentes bovinos sob microcisalhamento - pesquisa in vitro / Evaluation of the effect of storage solutions on the bond strength to the dentin of bovine teeth under micro-incision - in vitro research

Introdução: Com a dificuldade de obtenção de dentes humanos para estudos in vitro, autores relatam e preconizam o uso de dentes extraídos de arcadas bovinas para testar técnicas de diferentes segmentos da Odontologia. Entretanto, para que as pesquisas tenham eficácia científica, estes dentes necessitam tratamento adequado para manter suas características e simular condições in vivo. Objetivo: Analisar a resistência de união (RU) adesiva à dentina em dentes bovinos restaurados com adesivo convencional Adper® Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, EUA) e compósito Opallis Flow (Dentscare LTDA., Joinville, SC, BRA), tendo como fatores de estudo solução e tempo de armazenamento. Metodologia: As amostras foram congeladas sob armazenamento em 2 soluções: timol 0,1% e cloramina 0,5%, em 4 diferentes períodos: 1 semana, 1 mês, 3 meses e 6 meses. Foram obtidos 8 grupos experimentais (n=64) e 1 grupo controle (n=8), totalizando 9 grupos. Após o período de restauração, os dentes foram armazenados em estufa a 37 ºC, imersos em água destilada e, em seguida, testados em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC DL 500, São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brasil), com análise estatística dos resultados. Resultado: A comparação entre os grupos experimentais e controle mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) para o armazenamento das amostras em timol durante o período de 1 mês. Conclusão: Os fatores solução e tempo foram capazes de alterar a resistência de união adesiva à dentina bovina, observando-se que a maior média de RU foi obtida após o armazenamento na solução timol durante 1 mês (p=0,004).

Introduction: With the difficulty of obtaining human teeth for in vitro studies, authors report and recommend the use of teeth extracted from bovine arches to test techniques from different segments of Dentistry. However, for research to be scientifically effective, these teeth need adequate treatment to maintain their characteristics and to mimic conditions in vivo. Objective: Analyze the adhesive bond strength (RU) to dentin in bovine teeth restored with Adper® Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) and Opallis Flow composite adhesive (Dentscare LTDA, Joinville, SC, BRA), taking as study factors solution and storage time. Methodology: The samples were frozen under storage in 2 solutions: 0.1% thymol and 0.5% chloramine, in 4 different periods: 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Eight experimental groups (n = 64) and one control group (n = 8) were obtained, totaling 9 groups. After the restoration period, the teeth were stored in an incubator at 37ºC, immersed in distilled water and then tested in a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 500, São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brazil), with statistical analysis of the results. Result: The comparison between the experimental and control groups showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) for the storage of thymol samples during the 1 month period. Conclusion: Solution and time factors were able to change the adhesive bond strength to the bovine dentin, observing that the highest mean of RU was obtained after storage in the thymol solution for 1 month (p = 0.004).

Avaliação do efeito cromático em resinas compostas nanoparticuladas submetidas a solução café / Two nanoparticulate composite resins chromatic effect evaluation submitted to coffee solution

Introdução: Em uma sociedade de alta competitividade social, os padrões estéticos estão cada vez mais refinados e, dentro destes, a concepção e o desejo de se ter o sorriso perfeito aumentaram consideravelmente a busca pelos tratamentos dentários e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento de materiais que possam propiciar tais resultados. O sucesso clínico de uma restauração engloba sua longevidade, do ponto de vista funcional, incluindo ausência de infiltrações, e sua função estética, por meio da manutenção de coloração e lisura superficial adequada. Objetivo: O presente trabalho busca analisar a alteração de cor de duas marcas de compósitos odontológicos nanoparticulados ‒ Z350 e Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) ‒ e dois sistemas de polimento ‒ Disco SofLex e Disco SofLex espiral emborrachado (3M ESPE) ‒, com as subdivisões em grupos controle (água destilada) e experimental (café), em um período de 21 dias. Material e método: Os espécimes foram confeccionados de modo padronizado e armazenados por sete dias em água deionizada a 37 °C, em estufa para análise da cor inicial, seguido do armazenamento nas respectivas soluções para a análise cromática, ao final do período de estudo, sendo ambas as análises realizadas através de espectrofotômetro (CM-700d, Konica Minolta, Osaka, Japão) e escala ΔE CIELAB. Resultado: Observou-se que ambas as resinas tiveram sua coloração alterada na presença do café, entretanto a resina Z350 apresentou maiores variações em comparação à Bulk Fill. Conclusão: Apesar de a solução corante café ser capaz de promover mudança de cor nas resinas estudadas, os sistemas de polimento, isoladamente, não apresentam efeito final sobre a alteração cromática desses materiais restauradores.

Introduction: In a highly social competitive society, aesthetic standards are increasingly refined as the conception and desire of a perfect smile considerably increased the search for dental treatment, with the developing of materials that could propitiate those results. Restorations clinical success includes its longevity, from the functional point of view, with no infiltrations, and aesthetic, through the color conservation and proper surface smoothness. Aim: This work analyzes the color change of two nanoparticulate resins: Z350 and Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) and two polishing systems: SofLex Disk and rubber spiral SofLex Disk (3M ESPE), divided in control group (deionized water) and experimental group (coffe), during 21 days. Material and method: The resin discs were prepared by a standardized mode and submerged in deionized water for 7 days at 37 °C in incubator before initial color evaluation, followed by the immersion in each solution to final color analysis. Both used a spectrophotometer (CM-700d, Konica Minolta, Osaka, Japan) and ΔE CIELAB scale. Result: It was seen that both resins presented color change when exposed to coffee, however the Z350 resin presented a greater variation compared to Bulk Fill resin. Conclusion: Although coffee is a dye solution, the polishing systems did not present any effect on chromatic alteration.

Polishing techniques effect on microhybrid, nanohybrid and nanofilled composites color and surface roughness stability / Efeito de técnicas de polimento na estabilidade da cor e rugosidade superficial de resinas compostas microhibridas nanohibridas e nanoparticuladas

Resin roughness and staining is a common problem in dentistry. Objective: the aim of this study was to verify the influence of single and multiple-steps polishing techniques on color stability and surface roughness of differents composite resins. Groups were (n=10): FS+CS. Filtek Supreme XT + clear strip; FS+PG. Filtek Supreme XT+PoGo; FS+SF. Filtek Supreme XT+Sof-Lex; AM+CS. Amelogen+clear strip; AM+PG. Amelogen+PoGo; AM+SF. Amelogen+Sof-Lex; TEC+CL .TetricEvoCeram + clear strip; TEC+PG .Tetric EvoCeram+ PoGo; TEC+SF .Tetric EvoCeram+Sof-Lex; CED+CS .Ceram X Duo+clear strip; CED+PG. Ceram X Duo+PoGo; CED+SF. Ceram X Duo+Sof- Lex. The initial color and roughness were determined before and after the polishing procedures. All specimens were stored for 7 days in coffee solution and the color assessment was performed. Two specimens from each group were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Roughness and color data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests(p<0.05). All tested materials presented color alterations after coffee solution storage; the highest E values were observed for clear strips and all composite resins, as following: G4 (9h)>G7(5.8f)=G10(5.7ef)>G1(3.7c), followed by the G6(5.9f)>G9(3.1bc)=G12(2.1ab)>G3(1.7a). G3, after 7 days, presented the lowest values for E(1.704). The lowest roughness values were observed when the clear strips were used regardless material type. The Sof-Lex system provided the lowest surface roughness values for all tested composite resins. Among composite resins the highest roughness values were found for Amelogen (G5­0.49 and G6­0.35), regardless polishing technique. All tested materials presented changes in color after immersion in coffee solution. The roughness surface and the staining of composite resins are material and polishing technique dependents.

Rugosidade e pigmentação de resinas são problemas comuns em odontologia. Objetivo: Avaliar influência das técnicas de um e múltiplos-passos de polimento na estabilidade de cor e rugosidade de resinas. Os grupos (n=10): G1.Filtek Supremo XT+Tira poliéster; G2.Filtek SupremeXT+PoGo; G3.Filtek Supreme XT+ Sof-Lex; G4.Amelogen+Tira poliéster; G5.Amelogen + PoGo; G6.Amelogen + Sof-Lex; G7.Tetric EvoCeram +Tira poliéster; G8.Tetric EvoCeram+PoGo; G9.Tetric EvoCeram+Sof-Lex; G10.CeramXDuo+Tira poliéster; G11.Ceram X Duo+PoGo; G12.Ceram X Duo+Sof-Lex. A Cor inicial e rugosidade foram determinadas antes e apóso polimento. Após, foram armazenadas durante 7 dias em solução de café e nova avaliação da cor foi realizada. Dois espécimes de cada grupo foram avaliados pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Dados de rugosidade e cor foram submetidos à ANOVA e teste Tukey (p <0,05). Todas as resinas testadas apresentaram alterações de cor após armazenamento em solução de café; foram observados os maiores valores de AE em tiras de poliésterpara as resinas,a seguir: G4 (9h)>G7 (5,8f) = G10 (5,7ef)>G1 (3,7c), seguindo-se a G6 (5,9f)>9 (3,1bc)=G12 (2,1ab)>G3 (1,7a). G3, após 7 dias, apresentaram os menores valores para AE (1,704). Menores valores de rugosidade foram observados para as tiras de poliéster, independentemente do material. Menores valores de rugosidade foram encontrados no sistema Sof-Lex. Entre as resinas valores maiores de rugosidade foram encontrados para Amelogen (G5-0,49 e G6-0,35), para as duas técnicas. Todos os materiais testados apresentaram alterações na cor após imersão em solução de café. A rugosidade e pigmentação das resinas compostas são dependentes da técnica e material.

Resin composite build-ups for complementing multidisciplinary esthetic and functional dental treatments: a case report / Reconstruções em resina composta como complemento de tratamentos multi-disciplinares estéticos e funcionais: relato de caso

Discrepâncias na forma e no posicionamento de dentes anteriores representam desconforto estético para muitos pacientes. Reconstruções em resina composta, mesmo sendo consideradas procedimentos práticos e conservadores, em alguns casos, necessitam de uma complementação interdisciplinar com aparatos ortodônticos para otimizar os resultados estéticos e funcionais. Este relato de caso descreve a gestão de um quadro de queixa estética de um paciente com comprometimento da qualidade de vida. O correto diagnóstico e tratamento com uma estratégia interdisciplinar são destaque para oferecer um tratamento viável e promissor...

Discrepancies in tooth shape and placement of the anterior teeth represent an uncomfortable esthetic scenario for many patients. Even the current composite resin proximal build-up is considered to be practical and conservative, and in some cases, an interdisciplinary approach with orthodontics optimizes the functional and esthetic results. This case report describes the management of a patient with complaint of the anterior esthetic, which compromised her quality of life. The correct diagnosis and the treatment with an interdisciplinary strategy are highlighted to offer a reliable and promissory treatment...

Reabilita‡Æo est‚tica de diastema m£ltiplo anterior com resina composta – controle cl¡nico de sete meses / Aesthetic rehabilitation of multiple anterior diastemas using composite resin – seven months recall

A busca por padrães est‚ticos ideais contribuiu para o advento de procedimentos restauradores que possibilitam a mimetiza‡Æo do natural e a introdu‡Æo do conceito de harmonia do sorriso atendendo …s exigˆncias dos pacientes. A presen‡a de diastemas anteriores m£ltiplos constitui um desafio … Odontologia, tendo em vista o aspecto negativo que agrega a despropor‡Æo do sorriso e a est‚tica facial. Sendo assim, o presente caso objetiva descrever a t‚cnica operat¢ria do fechamento de diastemas em resina composta atrav‚s de embasamento te¢rico cient¡fico para a resolu‡Æo do caso. O caso descrito relata a reabilita‡Æo est‚tica de diastemas anteriores por meio de procedimentos restauradores diretos em resina composta promovendo a preserva‡Æo da estrutura dent ria, mimetiza‡Æo do natural, restabelecimento das corretas propor‡ães dentais e redu‡Æo do tempo cl¡nico necess rio, alcan‡ando resultados est‚ticos de excelˆncia. A realiza‡Æo de uma t‚cnica padronizada e bem fundamentada em resina composta para o fechamento de diastemas proporciona resultados cl¡nicos est‚ticos satisfat¢rios e previs¡veis.

The indreasing serach for aesthetic standards has collaborated for the advent of restorative procedures that allow a natural apearence and has lauched concept of harmonic smile, meeting patients’ expectations. Considered as a negative aspect of smile and facial aesthetics the presence of multiple anterior diastemas is very chalenging. This case report aims to describe the technique of the diastema closure with composite resin considering the scientific literature for the resolution of the case. In this study the is described the aesthetic rehabilitation of anterior distaemas through of direct restorative procedures with composite resin and preservation of tooth structure, mimicking natural teeth, reestablishment of dental proportions and reduced clinical time, achieving excellent aesthetic results. The implementation of a standardized and wellgrounded technique using composite for diastema closure provides clinical and aesthetic satisfactory and predictable results.

Influência de agentes clareadores na rugosidade superficial do esmalte / Influence of bleaching agents in the surface roughness of enamel

O objetivo desse estudo in vitro foi avaliar a influência do pH de agentes clareadores na rugosidade superficial do esmalte após o clareamento dentário. Amostras em esmalte foram seccionadas (3mm X 5mm X 3mm) a partir de terceiros molares, previamente armazenados em saliva artificial. Foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=10). O tratamento clareador foi realizado durante três semanas: G1: aplicação diária de peróxido de carbamina 10 por cento (Whiteness Perfect FGM) por 4 h: G2: peróxido de carbamida 16 por cento (Whiteness Perfect FGM) por 2 h: G3: peróxido de hidrogênio 6 por cento (White Class FGM) por 1 h e 30 minutos: G4: aplicação semanal de peróxido de hidrpogênio a 35 por cento (Whiteness HP FGM) com duas aplicações de 15 minutos por sessão. Após isso, foi realizada análise da rugosidade (Ra, um) com o rugosímetro, nas duas metades de cada especime. Os resultados foram analisados por meio do teste t pareado e revelaram um aumento dignificativo da rugosidade superficial do esmalte dos grupos clareados com peróxido de de carbamida 16 por cento, peróxido de hidrogênio 6 por cento e peróxido de hidrogênio 35 por cento. Concluiu-se que o uso de peróxido de carbamida 10 por cento é um método seguro que proporciona menores valores de rugosidade superficial, se utilizando em curtos períodos. Em adição, a alteração provocada no esmalte é dependente da concentração dos ingredientes ativos do produto clareador

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether the pH of bleaching agents affects the enamel surface after bleaching. Samples were prepared in enamel (3mm x 5mm x 3mm) from third molars, which were kept in artificial saliva. Were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and had half his face isolated. The bleaching treatment was performed for three weeks with daily application of 10% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect® FGM) for 4h (G1), 16% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect® FGM) for 2 hours (G2), hydrogen peroxide 6% (Class® White FGM) for 1 hour and 30 minutes (G3) weekly injections of hydrogen peroxide 35% (Whiteness HP® FGM) with two applications of 15 minutes per session (G4). After this, rugosimetric analysis was made in both sides of the surface specimen. The results were analyzed using the paired t test and revealed a significant increase of enamel surface roughness bleached with groups of 16% carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide 6% and 35%. We conclude that the use of carbamide peroxide 10% is a safe method that gives lower values of surface roughness if used in short periods. Additionally, the enamel alteration is dependent on the concentration of active ingredients of bleaching.

Avaliação da proporção áurea no sorriso de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento ortodôntico / Assessment of the golden proportion in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

O presente estudo avaliou a incidência da proporção áurea no sorriso de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento ortodôntico. Foram avaliados 37 pacientes com a ortodontia finalizada. Obteve-se, a partir dos modelos inicial e final de cada paciente, a medida intercaninos e, no próprio paciente, foi medida a largura do sorriso. Um compasso de ponta seca foi utilizado para a obtenção das medidas que, posteriormente, foram transferidas para uma régua milimetrada para obter os valores numéricos. A proporção dentária horizontal inicial e final de cada paciente foi obtida dividindo-se as distâncias intercaninos inicial e final pela largura do sorriso. Os resultados demonstraram que a proporção áurea foi a mais prevalente após o tratamento ortodôntico, representando 67,56% dos pacientes. Das 37 proporções finais, 3 apresentaram diminuição, enquanto que 17 aumentaram em relação à proporção inicial e 17 proporções mantiveram-se inalteradas após a ortodontia. Observaram-se pequenas variações em relação à proporção final de cada paciente, portanto é fundamental estabelecer a proporção mais apropriada para cada caso, evitando padronização do sorriso na proporção áurea, mesmo que esta seja considerada a mais harmoniosa na população geral.

This study evaluated the presence of the golden proportion in the smile of patients submitted to the orthodontic treatment. Thirty seven patients with finished orthodontic treatment were evaluated. Using the initial and final models of each patient the measure among the canine teeth was gotten and the width of the smile was measured in the proper patient. A dry tip compass was used to obtain the measures, which were transferred to a millimeter ruler in order to register the values in numbers. The horizontal initial and final dental proportion of each patient was gotten by dividing the initial and final distances among the canine teeth by the width of the smile. The results revealed that the golden proportion was the most prevalent after orthodontic treatment, representing 67.56% of the patients. Considering the total of 37 final proportions, 3 had presented a reduction, while 17 had increased in relation to the initial proportion and 17 proportions had remained unchanged after the orthodontics. Slight variations were observed in the final proportion of each patient, so it is necessary to establish the most appropriate proportion for each patient, avoiding the standardization of the smile, even that the golden proportion is considered most harmonious in the general population.

Clinical strategies for esthetic excellence in anterior tooth restorations: understanding color and composite resin selection.

Direct composite resin restorations have become a viable alternative for patients that require anterior restorative procedures to be integrated to the other teeth that compose the smile, especially for presenting satisfactory esthetic results and minimum wear of the dental structure. Technological evolution along with a better understanding of the behavior of dental tissues to light incidence has allowed the development of new composite resins with better mechanical and optical properties, making possible a more artistic approach for anterior restorations. The combination of the increasing demand of patients for esthetics and the capacity to preserve the dental structure resulted in the development of different incremental techniques for restoring fractured anterior teeth in a natural way. In order to achieve esthetic excellence, dentists should understand and apply artistic and scientific principles when choosing color of restorative materials, as well as during the insertion of the composite resin. The discussion of these strategies will be divided into two papers. In this paper, the criteria for color and material selection to obtain a natural reproduction of the lost dental structures and an imperceptible restoration will be addressed.

Clinical strategies for esthetic excellence in anterior tooth restorations: understanding color and composite resin selection

Direct composite resin restorations have become a viable alternative for patients that require anterior restorative procedures to be integrated to the other teeth that compose the smile, especially for presenting satisfactory esthetic results and minimum wear of the dental structure. Technological evolution along with a better understanding of the behavior of dental tissues to light incidence has allowed the development of new composite resins with better mechanical and optical properties, making possible a more artistic approach for anterior restorations. The combination of the increasing demand of patients for esthetics and the capacity to preserve the dental structure resulted in the development of different incremental techniques for restoring fractured anterior teeth in a natural way. In order to achieve esthetic excellence, dentists should understand and apply artistic and scientific principles when choosing color of restorative materials, as well as during the insertion of the composite resin. The discussion of these strategies will be divided into two papers. In this paper, the criteria for color and material selection to obtain a natural reproduction of the lost dental structures and an imperceptible restoration will be addressed.

Resistência à tração de pinos de fibra de vidro intrarradiculares: efeito de diferentes agentes cimentantes / Tensile strength of glass fiber posts in the intraradicular environment: effect of different luting cements

Avaliou-se, in vitro, a força de remoção por tração dos pinos de fibra de vidro (WP) de 1,2mm (White Post DC, FGM ), cimentados com 3 diferentes agentes de cimentação: cimento de fosfato de zinco (FZ) (S.S.WHITE); cimento resinoso dual (V) (Variolink, Ivoclar/ Vivadent) e cimento resinoso de polimerização química (M) (Multilink, Ivoclar/ Vivadent). Foram utilizados 45 dentes humanos unirradiculares e as coroas removidas 3 mm aquém da junção amelo-cementária. Os grupos foram divididos em função do agente de cimentação, a seguir: G1 (controle)- WP+FZ (n=15); G2- WP+V (n=15) e G3-WP+M(n=15). As raízes foram incluídas em resina acrílica autopolimerizável. Os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada a 37º C, por 7 dias e submetidos ao teste de remoção por tração em uma máquina de ensaio mecânico MTS 810 (MTS System Corporation), com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. As médias obtidas foram: FZ (95.1200 MPa); V (87.0680 MPa) e M (73.0500 MPa). Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste estatístico ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05%). Concluiu-se que o grupo dos pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados com fosfato de zinco apresentou os maiores valores de resistência à remoção por tração, mas estatisticamente diferente somente para o grupo do Multilink.

This study evaluated, in vitro, the tensile stength of glass fiber post (WP), de 1.2mm, (White Post DC, FGM) cemented with three different luting agents: zinc phosphate cement (FZ) (S.S.WHITE); dual-polymerized resin luting agents (V) (Variolink, Ivoclar/ Vivadent) and autopolymerized resin luting agents (M) (Multilink, Ivoclar/ Vivadent). Forty-five human anterior teeth had the crowns removed 3 mm on this side at the cement-enamel junction. They were divide into 3 groups, as follows: G1- (control) WP+FZ (n=15); G2- WP+V (n=15) e G3-WP+M (n=15). The roots were mounted vertically in self-cured acrylic resin. The specimens were stored in destilled water for one week at 37ºC and fixed in a testing machine MTS 810 (MTS System Corporation) and loaded in tension at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure. The results were: zinc phosphate cement (95.1200 MPa); Variolink (87.0680 MPa) and Multilink (73.0500 MPa). The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests at the 0.05 significance level. It was possible conclude that the glass fiber posts cimented with zinc phosphate cement presented the largest resistance values for the tension's removal, but significant different only for the Multilink's group.

Effect of the polishing procedures on color stability and surface roughness of composite resins.

Objectives. To evaluate the polishing procedures effect on color stability and surface roughness of composite resins. Methods. Specimens were distributed into 6 groups: G1: Filtek Supreme XT + PoGo; G2: Filtek Supreme XT + Sof-Lex; G3: Filtek Supreme XT + no polishing; G4: Amelogen + PoGo; G5: Amelogen + Sof-Lex.; G6: Amelogen + no polishing. Initial color values were evaluated using the CIELab scale. After polishing, surface roughness was evaluated and the specimens were stored in coffee solution at 37°C for 7 days. The final color measurement and roughness were determined. Results. Sof-Lex resulted in lower staining. Amelogen showed the highest roughness values than Filtek Supreme on baseline and final evaluations regardless of the polishing technique. Filtek Supreme polished with PoGo showed the lowest roughness values. All groups presented discoloration after storage in coffee solution, regardless of the polishing technique. Conclusion. Multiple-step polishing technique provided lower degree of discoloration for both composite resins. The final surface texture is material and technique dependent.

Seleção de cor e estratificação natural para reabilitação estética de dente anterior / Color selectiona and natural layering for aesthetic reproduction of anterior teetf

Em função da excelência em estética e desgaste mínimo da estrutura dentária, as resinas compostas ocupam uma posição de destaqque entre os materiais restauradores atuais. As novas resinas compsotas associadas ao melhor antendimento do comportamento dos tecidos dentários frente à incidência de luz permitem a estratificação natural dos dentes. A estratificação natural consiste em uma abordagem simples e efetiva para o emprego das resinas compostas nas restaurações, de modo a torná-las miméticas com a aparência natural do substrato dentário. Compreender e implementar princípios artísticos e científicos na escolha da cor dos materiais restauradores e a adequada inserção da resina composta, contudo, é imprescindível. Os passos operatórios para obter o sucesso restaurador com esse material serão descritos no relato do caso clínico.

Because of the excellence in aesthetics and minimal wear of the tooth structure, composite resins hold a prominent position among the current restorative materials. The new composite resins associated with better understanding of the behavior of dental tissues facing the incidence of light allows the natural stratification of teeth. This natural stratification consists of a simple and effective approach to the use of composite resins in restoration in order to make them mimetic with the natural appearance of the tooth substrate. Understanding and to implementing scientific and artistic principles in choosing the color of restorative materials and the proper insertion of the composite, however, is essential. The operative steps for success with this restorative material will be described in a clinical case report.

Avaliação da sorção e solubilidade de uma resina composta em diferentes meios líquidos / Sorption and solubility assessment of a resin composite in different liquids

Este trabalho avaliou a sorção e a solubilidade de uma resina composta nanoparticulada em três meios líquidos diferentes: água destilada, Coca-Cola® e etanol/água a 75%, em função de dois períodos de armazenamentos: 7 e 15 dias. Foram confeccionados 30 espécimes, acondicionados em sílica gel azul, desidratada a 37°C, por 24 horas. Em seguida, foram pesados em balança analítica de precisão, repetindo-se até que se obtivesse massa constante (m1). Com a obtenção da m1, os espécimes foram subdivididos em 6 grupos e armazenados na solução. Três grupos permaneceram por 7 dias, e os outros três, por 15 dias. Após o período de armazenamento, os espécimes foram removidos, lavados, secos, pesados para a obtenção de uma segunda medida de massa, denominada m2. Os espécimes foram, então, recondicionados em estufa a 37°C. Mensurações de massa foram realizadas durante a desidratação, a cada 24 horas, obtendo-se a m3. Os dados de sorção e solubilidade foram calculados e submetidos à análise estatística. A resina nanoparticulada mostrou-se resistente à degradação química em meio ácido e em meio aquoso, mas foi suscetível à degradação, quando imerso em solução de etanol/água a 75%, apresentando solubilidade, sem diferença estatística entre os períodos de armazenamento.

This study evaluated the sorption and solubility of resin composite nanoparticle in three different liquid : distilled water, Coca-Cola ® and ethanol / water at 75%, according two periods of stores: 7 and 15 days. We prepared 30 specimens, packed in plastic container containing silica gel blue dehydrated and taken to an incubator at 37 ° C for 24 hours. Following, we weighed in analytical balance, and repeated until achieving constant mass (m1) on every 24 hour period. By getting the m1, the specimens were been divided into six groups and stored separately in 5 mL of each solution. Three groups were been maintained for 7 days and the other three for 15 days. After the storage period, the specimens were removed, washed, dried, weighed to obtain a second measure of mass, called m2. The specimens was reconditioned at 37 ° C. Mass measurements were performed during dehydration, every 24 hours, getting the dough reconditioned, with constant value of mass, called m3. The Data from sorption and solubility, we calculated and subjected to statistical analysis. The composite resin Filtek Z350 was found to be resistant to chemical degradation in acid and aqueous, but was susceptible to degradation when immersed in a solution of ethanol / water at 75%, with solubility, no statistical difference between the periods of storage.

Effect of finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness of a nanoparticle composite resin

To evaluate the surface roughness of the resin Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) after different finishing and polishing techniques. Methods: Sixty specimens of 7x2 mm were made and distributed in 6 groups (n=10), according to the technique employed: G1 (control) – polyester strip – no finishing or polishing; G2- multi-blade burs; G3- diamond burs 3195F and 3195FF; G4- Diamond ProDiscs (FGM); G5- Sof-Lex Discs (3M ESPE); G6- Robinson bristle brushes with pumice paste for20 s and felt disc with 2-4 ìm diamond paste for 30 s. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 7 days. After the finishing and polishing techniques, surface roughness (Ra, ìm) was measured using Surf-Corder profilometer SE 1700. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA andTukey’s test at 5% significance level. Results: G3 presented the highest surface roughness meanvalue (0.61). G5 presented the lowest surface roughness mean value (0.15), but it was not significantly different from G1, G4 and G6. Conclusions: According to the obtained results, Z350 composite resin presented the lowest surface roughness when finishing and polishing systems were used (Sof-lex and Diamond Pro discs and Robinson bristle brush with pumice plus Diamond®felt disc with Diamond Excel® paste). The use of diamond burs (G3) resulted in the highest composite surface roughness. There was no significantly different between G1, G4, G5 and G6.

Effect of deproteinization and tubular occlusion on microtensile bond strength and marginal microleakage of resin composite restorations.

UNLABELLED: Dentin adhesion procedure presents limitations, especially regarding to lifetime stability of formed hybrid layer. Alternative procedures have been studied in order to improve adhesion to dentin. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of deproteinization or dentin tubular occlusion, as well as the combination of both techniques, on microtensile bond strength (microTBS) and marginal microleakage of composite resin restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Extracted erupted human third molars were randomly divided into 4 groups. Dentin surfaces were treated with one of the following procedures: (A) 35% phosphoric acid gel (PA) + adhesive system (AS); (B) PA + 10% NaOCl + AS; (C) PA + oxalate + AS and (D) PA + oxalate + 10% NaOCl + AS. Bond strength data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The microleakage scores were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests. Significance level was set at 0.05 for all analyses. RESULTS: microTBS data presented statistically lower values for groups D and B, ranking data as A>C>B>D. The use of oxalic acid resulted in microleakage reduction along the tooth/restoration interface, being significant when used alone. On the other hand, the use of 10% NaOCl alone or in combination with oxalic acid, resulted in increased microleakage. CONCLUSIONS: Dentin deproteinization with 10% NaOCl or in combination with oxalate significantly compromised both the adhesive bond strength and the microleakage at interface. Tubular occlusion prior to adhesive system application seems to be a useful technique to reduce marginal microleakage.

Effect of deproteinization and tubular occlusion on microtensile bond strength and marginal microleakage of resin composite restorations

Dentin adhesion procedure presents limitations, especially regarding to lifetime stability of formed hybrid layer. Alternative procedures have been studied in order to improve adhesion to dentin. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of deproteinization or dentin tubular occlusion, as well as the combination of both techniques, on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and marginal microleakage of composite resin restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Extracted erupted human third molars were randomly divided into 4 groups. Dentin surfaces were treated with one of the following procedures: (A) 35 percent phosphoric acid gel (PA) + adhesive system (AS); (B) PA + 10 percent NaOCl + AS; (C) PA + oxalate + AS and (D) PA + oxalate + 10 percent NaOCl + AS. Bond strength data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The microleakage scores were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests. Significance level was set at 0.05 for all analyses. RESULTS: µTBS data presented statistically lower values for groups D and B, ranking data as A>C>B>D. The use of oxalic acid resulted in microleakage reduction along the tooth/restoration interface, being significant when used alone. On the other hand, the use of 10 percent NaOCl alone or in combination with oxalic acid, resulted in increased microleakage. CONCLUSIONS: Dentin deproteinization with 10 percent NaOCl or in combination with oxalate significantly compromised both the adhesive bond strength and the microleakage at interface. Tubular occlusion prior to adhesive system application seems to be a useful technique to reduce marginal microleakage.